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Tumor suppressor gene products act as barriers to block cells from proceeding down the path to cancer. In contrast to the protein products of proto-oncogenes, some tumor suppressor proteins act to restrain abnormal cell proliferation. Others promote cell death pathways or function in DNA repair. While mutated proto-oncogenes behave in a dominant fashion, tumor suppressor genes are generally recessive, thus requiring that both be inactivated or otherwise compromised in order for cancers to occur. Well-described examples of tumor suppressor genes include RB1, TP53, APC and CDKN2A. |
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