Separate from the lymphatic vessels, the systemic vasculature conducts blood to the body tissues and cells through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. A system of venules and veins ultimately returns blood to the heart by way of the inferior and superior venae cavae, in addition to the pulmonary veins that empty directly into the left atrium. Disruption of vascular function can be due to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, autoimmune disease, metabolic disorders, or infection. In addition, various solid tumors can drive angiogenesis to support their access to oxygen and nutrients while also promoting metastasis. |