Proteins & Peptides

 

GeneTex offers a comprehensive catalog of recombinant proteins and peptides, including growth factors, cytokines, CD antigens, signaling proteins, Fc-fusion proteins and more. These high-quality and high-purity products are guaranteed to assist your various research needs. Choose from thousands of bioactive proteins for functional testing involving physiological and pathological studies, enzyme assays, and functional ELISAs.

 

 

Search all GeneTex active proteins

 

Physiological & Pathological Studies

 

In Parkinson's disease (PD), alpha-synuclein protein forms aggregates in brain neurons. Termed 'Lewy bodies', these deposits are associated with neuronal death. Ongoing research is trying to identify ways to prevent alpha-synuclein accumulation, promote its removal, or trigger its recycling. GeneTex is proud to offer a set of active recombinant proteins for PD research, including preformed fibrils of human alpha-synuclein protein (GTX17669-pro), mouse alpha-synuclein protein (GTX17671-pro), and human tau protein (GTX17675-pro). The activity of these proteins was assessed using various approaches. For example, the fibrillar structures of the human and mouse proteins were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as shown below.

  

TEM of human alpha-synuclein (GTX17669-pro) active preformed fibrils showing typical fibrillar structure.

TEM of mouse alpha-synuclein (GTX17671-pro) active preformed fibrils showing typical fibrillar structure.
 
     
 
When primary rat hippocampal neurons were treated with human alpha-synuclein protein (GTX17669-pro) or mouse alpha-synuclein protein (GTX17671-pro), the subsequent Lewy body inclusions were detected by immunostaining. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed fibril aggregation in rat brain 30 days after injection of the active alpha-synuclein protein.

 

Rat primary hippocampal neurons were treated with active alpha-synuclein protein (GTX17669-pro) and examined by immunostaining.

Immunohistochemistry of rat brain injected with active human alpha-synuclein protein (GTX17669-pro).
 
     
 
GeneTex also offers an active human Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (GTX00083-pro). IFN-γ is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. The importance of IFN-γ in the immune system stems in part from its ability to inhibit viral replication directly, and most importantly from its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. IFN-γ is an important activator of human monocytic THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells treated with IFN-γ acquire a fusiform or polygonal morphology and become more adherent, as shown below.

 

 

Human Interferon gamma protein (active) (GTX00083-pro)
THP-1 cells stimulated with IFN-γ for five days
   
     
 

 

Another example is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein. TNF has marked anti-tumor effects. However, it may also cause anemia and hepatic dysfunction in patients. The effective dose of TNF can be reduced by promoting its activity with actinomycin D. A proliferation assay was performed on murine L929 cells treated with GeneTex’s human TNF-alpha protein (active) (GTX65267-pro) and actinomycin D to examine cell toxicity, as shown below. The results demonstrate the utility of this assay to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha in anti-tumor research.

 

ED₅₀ < 0.05 ng/ml as determined by the cytolysis of murine L929 cells treated with human TNF-alpha protein (active) (GTX65267-pro) and actinomycin D.
   
     
 

Enzyme Assays

 

Enzyme activation is achieved through different molecular modifications, including cleavage, phosphorylation and acetylation. These reactions are common during normal and pathological cellular processes. GeneTex provides a series of active proteins to initiate enzymatic signaling. For example, phospho-ERK1/2 induction was observed following addition of GeneTex’s human Progranulin protein (active) (GTX65641-pro) to neuronal-differentiated mouse P19 cells (see below).

 

Treatment with Progranulin protein (GTX65641-pro) was performed in lanes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 over 0, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 mins, respectively.
   
     
 

 

Functional ELISA
Vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) is the most abundant variant of Vascular endothelial growth factor-A. It is a glycosylated mitogen that, coupled with its receptor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1), specifically acts on endothelial cells to mediate vascular permeability, induce angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis. To demonstrate the binding activity of GeneTex’s Human VEGF165 protein (active) (GTX00110-pro) to its receptor VEGFR1, an ELISA assay was conducted to detect their physical interaction. As shown below, this effect was nicely in a dose dependent manner.

 

Human VEGF165 protein (active) (GTX00110-pro) ELISA assay detecting the interaction between recombinant human VEGF165 and recombinant human VEGFR1.
   
     
 

To see GeneTex’s complete catalog of active proteins, please click here.